ㄐ
Sounds kind of like "j" in English "jeep", but with the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth.
ㄐㄧㄚ
home
家
ㄐㄩˊㄗ˙
tangerine
橘子
ㄑ
Sounds kind of like "ch" in English "cheap", but with the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth.
ㄑㄧㄢˊ
money
钱
ㄑㄩˋ
to go
去
ㄒ
Sounds kind of like "sh" in English "sheep", but with the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth.
ㄒㄧㄠˇ
small
小
ㄧㄝˇㄒㄩˇ
perhaps
也许
Single-syllable audio courtesy of the AllSet Learning Chinese Pronunciation Wiki, used with permission.
HSK word audio courtesy of Audio-cmn. (CC BY-SA 3.0)